Whether the Defense of Marriage Act violates equal protection by denying married gay couples recognition under federal law.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is one of our nation’s most critical federal civil rights statutes. Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, which is a key element of the Act, requires certain jurisdictions that have a history of discriminatory voting practices to get advance approval from the federal government before changing their election laws.

Whether California’s Proposition 8, which amended the state constitution to define marriage as solely between a man and a woman, violates equal protection.

Whether Arizona may require proof of citizenship before registering to vote in federal elections when federal law does not.